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It was once said that tigers were wild, unpredictable, and dangerous. Indeed, the very word "tiger" has come to signify ferocity in many cultures. Tigers are solitary hunters with an extraordinarily powerful sense of smell. They can eat between 60-200 pounds of meat at one sitting. They are stronger than any other big cat and have the longest canine teeth relative to their skull size of any mammal. After a huge meal they can go for weeks without eating again... Thus far this blog post has addressed the qualities of tigers in general with specific references to their physical characteristics and hunting habits. It raises the question though, why does the tiger have these qualities in the first place? What are they for? Do tigers have any competitors? Are there animals that prey upon them or are they the apex predators of their ecosystem? These are questions that can be answered by defining what constitutes a species. There are three basic definitions for species, each with its own qualities. The first definition is called the BINOMIAL system. This nomenclature refers to how many different kinds of organisms there are within a given species. For example, an organism that has two different colors would constitute a diploid organism (meaning it has two different alleles). Using this system, all organisms can be given a scientific name that consists of two words. The first word indicates the genus to which the organism belongs. The second word is specific to that organism. It is written in italics and is not capitalized. The scientific nomenclature for the tiger (Panthera tigris) would be Panthera tigris tigris or Panthera tigris amoyensis according to subspecies. A second definition for species is called the PHYLETIC definition (or phylogenetic definition). This definition was invented by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 and is used primarily by modern scientists. This definition groups organisms together based on a presumed shared ancestry. An organism with a long evolutionary history is considered to be a species. This definition differs from the BINOMIAL system in that it does not describe how many different kinds of organisms there are in a given species. A third definition for species is called the ANAGENETIC definition. It is based on reproductive isolation and was invented by Mayr in 1942. In this definition, two organisms belong to the same species if they can successfully produce offspring that can reproduce with one another. For example, lions and tigers have been known to successfully reproduce when put together in zoos or nature preserves. However, they are still considered separate species because the lions and the tigers can't crossbred with one another. The three definitions for species all have their advantages and disadvantages. The BINOMIAL system is often used in medical research to classify diseases based on which organisms cause them. The ANAGENETIC definition allows biologists to use statistical techniques to place organisms into groups based on their size, coloration, etc. For example, it is possible to use this method to determine that all lions belong to the same species (Panthera leo) as opposed to two different species (Panthera tigris and Panthera leo tigris). cfa1e77820
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